汽轮机转子的温度场及热应力场计算

利用积分变换法导出了蒸汽温升率连续变化时汽轮机转子的温度场和热应力场计算公式。本公式可直接应用于转子的应力监测与控制。和差分法相比，解析法的数据处理速度快，能满足快速监测、及时跟踪与控制的要求。关键词：汽轮机转子；温度场；热应力场     

Stress Singularity in an Elastic Cylinder of Cylindrically Anisotropic Materials

The issue of stress singularity in an elastic cylinder of cylindrically anisotropic materials is examined in the context of generalized plane strain and generalized torsion. With a viewpoint that the singularity may be attributed to a conflicting definition of anisotropy at r=0, we study the problem through a compound cylinder in which the outer cylinder is cylindrically anisotropic and the core is transversely isotropic. By letting the radius of the core go to zero, the cylinder becomes one with the central axis showing no conflict in the radial and tangential directions. Closed-form solutions are derived for the cylinder under pressure, extension, torsion, rotation and a uniform temperature change. It is found that the stress is bounded everywhere, and singularity does not occur if the anisotropy at r=0 is defined appropriately. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Viscoelasticity: Fractal parameters studied on mammalian erythrocytes under shear stress

In this work, experimental determinations are carried out using a home-made device called an erythrodeformeter, which has been developed and constructed for rheological measurements on red blood cells subjected to definite fluid shear stress. A numerical method formulated on the basis of the fractal approximation for ordinary and fractionary Brownian motion¹ is proposed to evaluate the viscoelastic behavior of mammalian erythrocyte membranes. The diffraction pattern, which is circular when the mammalian erythrocyte membranes are at rest, becomes elliptical when the cells undergo shear stress. Photometric readings of light intensity variation along the major axis of the elliptical diffraction pattern are recorded during the creep and recovery process. These data series are used to calculate, fractal rheological parameters of self-affine Brownian motion on the erythrocytes, averaged over several millions of cells. Three different parameters over the time dependent process could be obtained, which are: correlation coefficient <C(t)>, correlation integral, andK ₂-entropy, and very different results were obtained.     

平面膜结构拓扑优化的有无复合体方法

将作者对桁架在应力约束下结构拓扑优化的有无复合体模型发展到平面膜结构在应力、位移约束下结构拓扑优化的建模与求解。同时提出了该模型的有效解法,获得了令人满意的数值结果。本文工作表明独立连续拓扑变量的提出对于结构拓扑优化的研究是有意义的。     

任意叠层球壳内的应力波传播

提出一种有效求解方法，求解了任意叠层球壳在动载荷作用下的应力波传播。首先，利用有限Ｈａｎｋｅｌ变换和Ｌａｐｌａｃｅ变换求解了每一单层的弹性动力学解。然后，利用叠层球壳的内、外边界条件和层与层之间的连接条件确定每一单层解中的待定常数。从而，我们可以得到应力波在叠层球壳内传播的精确解。最后，我们计算了在一个突加内压作用下的两层球壳（Ｓｔｅｅｌ／Ａｌ）和三层球壳（Ｓｔｅｅｌ／Ａｌｌｏｙ／Ａｌ）内的应力波传播。求解过程和计算结果表明文中提出的求解方法是简便可行的。     

弹性力学边界积分方程的一个发展

本文讨论二维弹性力学平面问题，独立于Ｒｉｚｚｏ型边界分方程，一类新型的边界积分方程，其边界场变量包含应力分量σｉｊｔｉｔｊ（其中ｔｉ是边界切向余弦）。该应力分量可直接用数值方法解边界积分方程求出，它比常规的边界元解提高一阶精度。文末的算例表明确定论的实用性和有效性。     

An analytical solution for the velocity and shear rate distribution of non-ideal Bingham fluids in concentric cylinder viscometers

An analytical solution is presented for the calculation of the flow field in a concentric cylinder viscometer of non-ideal Bingham-fluids, described by the Worrall-Tuliani rheological model. The obtained shear rate distribution is a function of the a priori unknown rheological parameters. It is shown that by applying an iterative procedure experimental data can be processed in order to obtain the proper shear rate correction and the four rheological parameters of the Worrall-Tuliani model as well as the yield surface radius. A comparison with Krieger's correction method is made. Rheometrical data for dense cohesive sediment suspensions have been reviewed in the light of this new method. For these suspensions velocity profiles over the gap are computed and the shear layer thicknesses were found to be comparable to visual observations. It can be concluded that at low rotation speeds the actually sheared layer is too narrow to fullfill the gap width requirement for granular suspensions and slip appears to be unavoidable, even when the material is sheared within itself. The only way to obtain meaningfull measurements in a concentric cylinder viscometer at low shear rates seems to be by increasing the radii of the viscometer. Some dimensioning criteria are presented.Notation A, B Integration constants - C Dimensionless rotation speed = µ/_y - c = 2µ - d = ₀ ²–2c_y - f() = (–₀)²+2c(–_y) - r Radius - r _b Bob radius - r _c Cup radius - r _y Yield radius - r ₀ Stationary surface radius - r Rotating Stationary radius - Y ₀ Shear rate parameter = /µ Greek letters Shear rate - = (r _y /r _b )²– 1 - µ Bingham viscosity - µ₀ Initial differential viscosity - µ µ₀-µ - Rotation speed - Angular velocity - Shear stress - _b Bob shear stress - _B Bingham stress - _y (True) yield stress - ₀ Stress parameter = _B +µ Y ₀ - _B - _y      

复合型表面裂纹疲劳门槛应力的估算

表面裂纹是工程构件常见的缺陷，由于实验数据的缺乏及其他困难，断裂力学应用于表面裂纹的疲劳扩展，其经验和成果还十分有限。本文利用复合型断裂准则，对圆棒试样表面小裂纹的门槛应力进行分析和估算，得到了较满意的结果。     

两种缓冲材料的应力松弛实验分析

 用逐次残余法分析了聚乙烯和聚苯乙烯缓冲材料的应力松弛试验数据．结果表明可用有限个并联的Ｍａｘｗｅｌ模型来表示这两种材料的应力松弛试验曲线．     

拉压性能不同材料全量型本构关系及厚壁筒的应力分析

将经典全量理论作了推广，考虑了应力状态及塑性体积变形对拉压性能不同材料的塑性行为的影响。应用该本构模型分别计算了厚壁筒在内压和外压作用下的应力分布。给出了径向应力、环向应力和轴向应力沿壁厚的分布图。将本文的计算解与拉压性能相同(不考虑体积变形、强化曲线唯一)的幂函数强化材料的厚壁筒的理论解进行了比较。结果表明，材料的拉压性能不同对厚壁筒的环向应力和轴向应力影响较大。因此，对于拉压性能不同材料，考虑到其对应力状态及塑性体积变形敏感时，是不能将其简化成拉压性能相同、体积不可压缩、强化曲线唯一的理想材料。